In 1231, King Henry III issued the first royal charter / writs founding the University of Cambridge and its duty to protect scholars. In 2025, Peter Alexander Maximilian Bohuš returned the lost writs — first on 11 November and then in their fully corrected form on 3 December — certified by The National Archives. Their restoration stands as a reminder that when temporary stewards drift away, a university’s founding principles must endure: trust, fairness, and protection of sch

The UK Consumer Model and European Employment Frameworks A comparative analysis of rights, remedies, and institutional design Across much of Europe, doctoral researchers are recognised as employees contributing to research output and institutional capacity. In Germany, the Netherlands, and other EU jurisdictions, doctoral candidates typically hold employment contracts with universities or research institutes. In the United Kingdom, by contrast, doctoral candidates are general